Evolution Figures: Chapter 27

FIGURE 27.0. Darwin “I think” tree (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.1. Steps in the construction of gene phylogenies (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.2. Designing PCR primers (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.3. Testing for convergence (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.4. Alignment showing character states and alignment with gaps (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.5. Alignment and scoring as in BLAST (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.6. Amino acid scoring matrix—BLOSUM62 (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.7. Simple hidden Markov model for a sequence alignment (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.8A. Secondary structure of a portion of the 12S rRNA from the louse (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.8B. Alignment of the 12S rRNA sequences from animals using secondary structure as a guide (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.9. A hypothetical sequence alignment (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.10. Parsimony analysis (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.11. Nearest-neighbor interchange (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.12. Subtree pruning and regrafting (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.13. Tree for UPGMA (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.14. Subtree for A and B with branch length equal to 2 (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.15. Refined subtree with A and B on tips and a node between them at midpoint (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.16. An ultrameric tree (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.17. Tree in which rate of evolution is not the same in all branches (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.18. Distance corrections (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.19. A simulated example of long-branch attraction (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.20. Homoplasy in sequences (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.21. Bootstrapping (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.22. Consistency index (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.23. Example of phylogenetic congruence (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.24. Rooting a tree with an outgroup (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.25. Masking an alignment (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.26. Congruence of different genes (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.27. Concatenation (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.28. Overlay of gene and species trees (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.29. Gene duplications during the evolution of the human globin gene families (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.30. Stages in lateral gene transfer (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.31. Organellar lateral gene transfer (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.32. Phylogenetic analysis can be used to detect recombination (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.33. Sequence similarity does not always accurately represent relatedness (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.34. Phylogenomics-based prediction of gene function (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.35. A phylogenetic tree of three species and their common ancestral nodes (jpg) (pdf)

FIGURE 27.36. Home range areas of mammals in relation to their body size (jpg) (pdf)